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Northern metalmark

Northern metalmark

Calephelis borealis

A species of Calephelis

Calephelis borealis, commonly known as the northern metalmark, is a butterfly of the family Riodinidae. It ranges through western Connecticut south through west-central Pennsylvania; central Appalachians and Ohio River Valley. Isolated populations are also found in southwest Missouri and eastern Oklahoma. The habitat consists of open woodland streams near serpentine, shale or limestone barrens. The wingspan is 29–32 mm. The wings are brown with wide orange borders and a dark median band. Adults are on wing from mid-June to late July in one generation per year. The larvae feed on the leaves of Senecio obovatus and possibly Senecio aureus and Erigeron philadelphicus. Adults feed on nectar from flowers including butterflyweed, white sweet clover, goldenrod, ox-eye daisy, sneezeweed, and yarrow. The species is listed as endangered in the Connecticut by state authorities. The species overwinters in the larval stage in leaf litter.

General Info About Northern metalmark
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Attributes of Northern metalmark
Colors
Brown
Black
Orange
Habitat
Open woods and dry hilly pastures.
Adult Food Sources
Flower nectar, aster, eupatorium, liatris, rudbeckia
Larva Food Source
Various species of rhexia (meadow beauties), rhexia virginica, rhexia mariana
Biting/stinging
Not reported
Allergy-causing
Not reported
Defensive attack
Not reported
Venomous
Not reported
Phytophagous
Not reported
Predatory
Not reported
Biting animal or pet
Not reported
Mouthparts Type
Siphoning mouthparts
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Life Cycle of Northern metalmark
Egg At this initial stage, the northern metalmark exists as a microscopic egg, usually attached to a leaf or stem, with colors that camouflage with the environment to prevent predation.
Larva Emerging from the egg, the larva is a voracious eater, focused on consuming leaves and growing. Its coloration and size change with each molt, and it may have defensive markings or structures.
Pupal The transition into the pupa sees the northern metalmark enclosed in a chrysalis. At this juncture, the northern metalmark is static, undergoing significant internal changes and developing adult structures.
Adult Emerging from the pupa, the adult northern metalmark’s development is marked by the presence of wings and functional reproductive organs. The body is fully formed and hardened, and the adult is mobile, focusing on reproduction.
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Adult Size of Northern metalmark
Wingspan 2.5 - 3 cm
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Predators of Northern metalmark Larvae
Birds, rodents, spiders, ants, wasps
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Predators of Adult Northern metalmark
Birds, spiders, mantises, lizards, frogs
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Interesting Facts About Northern metalmark
Northern metalmark species can taste with their feet, possessing chemoreceptors that allow them to sense the food quality before consuming it.
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Scientific Classification of Northern metalmark
Tips for Finding Northern metalmark
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How Can You Attract Northern metalmark
Northern metalmark might be lured using bait traps with rotting fruits or fermented sugary concoctions, which mimic the nectar and sap northern metalmark feeds on.
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Habitat Preferences of Northern metalmark Through Different Life Stages
The eggs of northern metalmark are deposited on flower buds or leaves of host plants, typically found in woodland edges or meadows with an abundance of the specific flora they require. As caterpillars, they are leaf-bound, camouflaged and feasting on the host plants where they had hatched. To observe them, search the undersides of leaves and stems in these habitats. In the pupal stage, northern metalmark caterpillars often pupate in leaf litter or on the ground beneath their food plant, blending in with their surroundings, so careful sifting through debris should be a part of the search. Adult northern metalmark, the most mobile stage, actively flit about seeking nectar and are often encountered in the same meadows, woodland edges, or occasionally gardens where their life cycle began.
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When is the Best Time to Observe Northern metalmark
The optimal time to find northern metalmark is during warm, sunny days, especially in the morning and early afternoon when they are most active.
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What is the Best Weather to Observe Northern metalmark
Clear weather with little to no wind is ideal for locating northern metalmark, as they are more likely to be out basking or feeding on nectar.
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How and Where Can You Find Northern metalmark at Different Life Stages
Egg Northern metalmark eggs are typically laid on the underside of host plant leaves and are very small. Locating them requires careful inspection of potential host plants, looking for tiny, rounded or ovular objects often with distinct patterning.
Larva Northern metalmark caterpillars can be found on or near their host plants. Searching the leaves and stems, especially looking for signs of feeding, such as chewed edges or frass (caterpillar droppings), can help locate them.
Pupal Northern metalmark pupae may be camouflaged and attached to plant stems or leaves, or concealed among debris on the ground. They can be found by looking for chrysalises that mimic the textures and colors of their surroundings.
Adult Adult northern metalmark are often seen feeding on flower nectar, so visiting gardens or fields with flowering plants is a good method. They can also be found resting on vegetation or flying along forest edges and clearings.
Are Northern metalmark harmful?
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Harmful Effects of Northern metalmark
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Hurt Plant

Northern metalmark in larval stage feed on a variety of plants without preference, causing mild to severe damage. The larvae chew on leaves, which can lead to defoliation and weakened plant health.

More Effects of Northern metalmark

Beneficial Effects of Northern metalmark
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Explore how insects help as pollinators, pest predators, and biocontrol agents. From seed dispersal to decomposition, they play vital roles in our ecosystem.
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Pollinator
Pollinator
Pollination Behavior Reason
Eat Pollen Or Nectar
Northern metalmark is a known pollinator due to its affinity for visiting a variety of flowers to consume pollen. The vibrant colors of blooms are a strong attractant for northern metalmark, leading them to unwittingly transfer pollen between flowers while foraging for food.
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