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Vernal colletes

Vernal colletes

Colletes cunicularius

A species of Plasterer bees, Also known as Spring mining bee

Colletes cunicularius is a large species of Colletes which has an unbanded, hairy, black abdomen which contrasts with the thorax which is covered with brown hair.

Toxic to Humans
Toxic to Humans
Toxic to Animals
Toxic to Animals
General Info About Vernal colletes
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Attributes of Vernal colletes
Colors
Brown
Black
Habitat
sandy area; willow
Adult Food Sources
Nectar, pollen
Larva Food Source
Bee bread (a mixture of pollen and nectar), royal jelly
Biting/stinging
Not reported
Allergy-causing
Not reported
Defensive attack
Not reported
Venomous
The Vernal colletes can induce toxic reactions varying in severity. Nevertheless, these toxins primarily target their prey and predators and are usually not fatal to humans.
Non-poisonous
Not reported
Borer
Not reported
Pollinator
The Vernal colletes is often found near the corolla, where its fluffy hairs easily pick up pollen, assisting in the pollination of the plant.
Pest-Eating Predatory
Not reported
Phytophagous
The Vernal colletes feeds on plants, usually without causing significant harm. However, it's important to take the situation seriously if their numbers begin to increase significantly.
Predatory
Not reported
Biting animal or pet
Not reported
Mouthparts Type
Chewing-lapping mouthparts
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Species Status of Vernal colletes
It is widespread in the Palearctic from Britain to the Pacific Ocean.
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Distribution Area of Vernal colletes
Britain, Pacific Ocean
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Life Cycle of Vernal colletes
Egg During the egg stage, the vernal colletes remains a small, oval-shaped object without any limbs or segmented body parts. The egg's coloration camouflages it into the surrounding environment.
Larva As a larva, the vernal colletes appears worm-like with a soft, elongated body and distinct mouthparts for feeding. It grows in size and may shed its skin several times.
Pupal The pupal stage is a transitional phase where the vernal colletes remains stationary within a protective cocoon. The body of the vernal colletes reorganizes internally, developing wings and adult structures.
Adult Emerging from the pupa, the adult vernal colletes's development is marked by the presence of wings and functional reproductive organs. The body is fully formed and hardened, and the adult is mobile, focusing on reproduction.
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Adult Size of Vernal colletes
1 - 1.1 cm
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Predators of Vernal colletes Larvae
Ants, crab spiders, vespid wasps, bee flies, birds
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Predators of Adult Vernal colletes
Predatory wasps, birds, mantises, spiders, small mammals
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Interesting Facts About Vernal colletes
Vernal colletes line their nest cells with a cellophane-like secretion that effectively preserves food stores and protects larvae from fungi and bacteria.
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Scientific Classification of Vernal colletes
Tips for Finding Vernal colletes
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Youth Habitat of Vernal colletes
Grasslands and Prairies, Deserts and Arid Regions
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Adult Habitat of Vernal colletes
Grasslands and Prairies, Deserts and Arid Regions, Agricultural and Cultivated Areas, Urban and Suburban Areas
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How Can You Attract Vernal colletes
For vernal colletes, trap food may not be applicable as vernal colletes are generally foragers and it's better to look for them where they naturally collect pollen and nectar, such as flowering plants.
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Habitat Preferences of Vernal colletes Through Different Life Stages
The larvae of vernal colletes typically reside within the underground nests crafted by their mothers, often in sandy or loose soils that facilitate easier excavation. Searching these requires gentle digging to access the subterranean chambers. Pupae, similarly, are found in these secure underground nests, typically within individual brood cells. Adults of vernal colletes can be observed foraging predominantly upon early spring flowers in meadows, gardens, and occasionally woodlands, where they gather pollen and nectar. Locating adults involves visiting flowering plants during sunny days when they are most active.
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When is the Best Time to Observe Vernal colletes
The suitable time to find adult vernal colletes is typically during sunny and warm days when they are most active, particularly during the morning and early afternoon.
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What is the Best Weather to Observe Vernal colletes
Ideal weather conditions for finding vernal colletes include moderately warm temperatures and low wind, as vernal colletes are less active during cold or inclement weather.
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How and Where Can You Find Vernal colletes at Different Life Stages
Larva Vernal colletes larvae reside within their brood cells, which are usually located underground or in small cavities. To find them, one can locate vernal colletes nesting sites, but disturbing these sites is not recommended due to conservation concerns.
Pupal During the pupa stage, vernal colletes are often hidden within the nest. Identifying vernal colletes at this stage would involve locating the nest without causing harm to the insect's developmental process.
Adult Vernal colletes can be found visiting flowers to forage for nectar and pollen. To find adult vernal colletes, one should visit areas with abundant flowering plants, especially those that are known to attract bees during the blooming period.
Are Vernal colletes harmful?
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The vernal colletes can cause toxic reactions with a wide range of severity. However, the toxins are typically targeted at their prey and predators. They are usually not fatal to humans.

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Are Vernal colletes harmful to humans?

Vernal colletes is very passive, usually busy collecting nectar, and will not take the initiative to sting people. But when it is threatened, it may take the initiative to sting people.
Harmful Effects of Vernal colletes
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Toxic to Humans
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Toxic to Animals
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Toxic to Humans

Vernal colletes, an adult hymenopteran species, possesses a mild venom administered through its sting, used primarily as a defense mechanism. Humans may encounter the venom during accidental contact. While the sting's toxins are not potent, they can induce localized pain and swelling. No severe long-term effects are typical, ensuring minimal toxic risks to humans.

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Toxic to Animals

The vernal colletes uses its sting primarily as a defense mechanism and occasionally to subdue prey. Its venom has a mild toxicity level and is most potent in the adult stage. Humans may experience temporary pain and swelling when stung. Similar reactions can occur in domestic pets such as dogs and cats, though smaller mammals might exhibit more intense symptoms. Larger animals like horses may show discomfort but typically have lesser reactions due to their size and physiological differences.

More Effects of Vernal colletes

Beneficial Effects of Vernal colletes
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Pollinator
Pollinator
Prefer Plant Type
Asteraceae, Fruit Trees
Attract Plant Feature
Color, Smell
Pollination Behavior Reason
Collect Pollen To Feed Offspring
Vernal colletes is a diligent pollinator, attracted by the vivid colors and enticing scents of flowers, especially those of Asteraceae and fruit trees. It collects pollen to provision its offspring, inadvertently transferring pollen from one flower to another, aiding in plant reproduction.
Common Questions People Also Ask
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