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Angle-barred pug

Angle-barred pug

Eupithecia innotata

A species of Pugs

Eupithecia innotata, the angle-barred pug, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Johann Siegfried Hufnagel in 1767. It ranges from Spain in the west to western Siberia and Central Asia in the east. There are three forms found in the British Isles: E. innotata sensu stricto (angle-barred pug) is found only on the east and south-east coasts f. fraxinata (ash pug) is widely distributed rare f. tamarisciata (tamarisk pug) The forewings are generally dark brown or grey with few distinguishing marks apart from a small white tornal spot which may not be present on the frequent melanic forms. The wingspan is 18–24 mm. Two broods are produced each year with the adults flying in May and June and again in August. Moths of the spring brood are usually darker in colour than the later specimens. The caterpillars of the three races have different food plants: f. fraxinata feeding on ash E. innotata sensu stricto feeding on sea-buckthorn f. tamarisciata is found on the alien food plant tamarisk The species overwinters as a pupa.

General Info About Angle-barred pug
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Attributes of Angle-barred pug
Colors
Brown
Black
Gray
Habitat
Sandy; shrub-rich grassland; hedge; woodland margin; dry and partly stony slope
Adult Food Sources
Clover (trifolium spp.), thistle (cirsium spp.), buddleia (buddleja spp.), ivy (hedera helix), dandelion (taraxacum officinale)
Larva Food Source
Willow (salix spp.), poplar (populus spp.), hawthorn (crataegus spp.), blackthorn (prunus spinosa), heather (calluna vulgaris)
Non-poisonous
Not reported
Borer
Not reported
Pollinator
Not reported
Pest-Eating Predatory
Not reported
Phytophagous
Not reported
Predatory
Not reported
Biting animal or pet
Not reported
Mouthparts Type
Siphoning mouthparts
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Life Cycle of Angle-barred pug
Egg The egg stage presents as tiny, spherical, or oval shapes often laid on host plants. The eggs are minute and may vary in color, but usually blend with the surroundings for protection against predators.
Larva In this stage, the angle-barred pug appears as a caterpillar with a segmented body and chewing mouthparts, suited for feeding voraciously on plant materials. The color pattern serves as camouflage, and molting allows growth.
Pupal During the pupa stage, the angle-barred pug is encased in a chrysalis, and transformative changes occur. The shape is often oblong or cylindrical and may attach to leaves or debris. The pupa does not feed and remains relatively immobile.
Adult Emerging from the pupa, the adult angle-barred pug's development is marked by the presence of wings and functional reproductive organs. The body is fully formed and hardened, and the adult is mobile, focusing on reproduction.
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Predators of Angle-barred pug Larvae
Birds, rodents, wasps, spiders, ants
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Predators of Adult Angle-barred pug
Bats, birds, spiders, rodents, praying mantises
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Interesting Facts About Angle-barred pug
The angle-barred pug has the unique ability to camouflage itself so effectively that it can appear nearly invisible on the bark of trees it inhabits.
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Scientific Classification of Angle-barred pug
Tips for Finding Angle-barred pug
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How Can You Attract Angle-barred pug
Since adult angle-barred pug are nocturnal and attracted to light and certain floral scents, research-grade light traps or sugar bait traps could effectively draw them in for study or observation.
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Habitat Preferences of Angle-barred pug Through Different Life Stages
The larval stage of angle-barred pug is commonly found on the host plants where they feed, such as willow and poplar trees. These caterpillars blend into the foliage to avoid predators. Searching for larvae involves examining the leaves of these trees, focusing on the undersides for signs of feeding. The pupae typically stay hidden in the leaf litter or soil near the base of the host plants. Discovering pupae requires gently sifting through the leaf litter or investigating just beneath the soil's surface. Adult angle-barred pug moths prefer areas with abundant nectar sources and are often seen at dusk, hovering around flowers in gardens, meadows, or wooded areas. To observe adults, one should visit these flowering areas during early night hours when they are most active.
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When is the Best Time to Observe Angle-barred pug
The optimal time to find adult angle-barred pug would be at night, as they are mostly active after dark. For finding eggs and larvae, daytime hours are more appropriate as they tend to be active during the day while feeding.
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What is the Best Weather to Observe Angle-barred pug
Mild, humid nights with minimal moonlight are best for trapping adult angle-barred pug, as these conditions favor their flight activity. Eggs and larvae should be searched for during warm and moist conditions, which support their growth and development.
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How and Where Can You Find Angle-barred pug at Different Life Stages
Egg Angle-barred pug eggs are typically laid on the host plants. Locating and carefully examining the leaves and stems of known host plants can often reveal the presence of eggs.
Larva Larval angle-barred pug, known as caterpillars, are leaf feeders and can be found on or near their host plants. Look for signs of feeding damage or frass (caterpillar droppings) on leaves, which can lead to their discovery.
Pupal Angle-barred pug pupae may be found in leaf litter or near the soil surface close to host plants. Searching these areas, as well as under loose bark or crevices in the host plants, may uncover pupating individuals.
Adult Adult angle-barred pug are attracted to light, so setting up a light trap in a known habitat area during the evening can facilitate their observation or capture. Alternatively, visiting blooming flowers that release sweet scents at night can draw in nectar-feeding adults.
Are Angle-barred pug harmful?
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