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European earwig

European earwig

Forficula auricularia

A species of Forficula, Also known as Common or european earwig

European earwig (Forficula auricularia), despite its name, is a common household occupant across North America. This species distinct differences in appearance between sexes, with males possessing obviously curved pincers whereas those of females are relatively straight. It is a noted agricultural pest and may exude an unpleasant odor, clustering near human dwellings.

General Info About European earwig
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Attributes of European earwig
Colors
Brown
Habitat
cool, moist habitat; slope; hollow stem of flowers
Adult Food Sources
Plant leaves, fruits, flower petals, aphids, small arthropods
Larva Food Source
Decaying plant material, small insects, organic detritus, algae, mosses
Biting/stinging
Not reported
Allergy-causing
Not reported
Defensive attack
Not reported
Pest-Eating Predatory
Not reported
Phytophagous
The European earwig feeds on plants, usually without causing significant harm. However, it's important to take the situation seriously if their numbers begin to increase significantly.
Predatory
The European earwig typically preys on other arthropods and does not directly affect plants.
Biting animal or pet
Yes
Mouthparts Type
Chewing mouthparts
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Species Status of European earwig
It is native to Europe, western Asia and probably North Africa. It was introduced to North America in the early twentieth century and is currently spread throughout much of the continent.
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Life Cycle of European earwig
Egg The eggs of european earwig are oval and white. Laid in clusters, they are usually hidden in soil or under debris. Eggs transition in size slightly and their color may darken as they mature.
Nymph Emerging from eggs, nymphs closely resemble adults but lack wings and are smaller. Nymphs undergo several molts, increasing in size and gradually developing wing pads.
Adult The adult european earwig has fully developed wings, including the characteristic pincers or cerci. Larger and darker than nymphs, adults focus on mating and laying eggs, completing the life cycle.
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Adult Size of European earwig
9 - 15 mm
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Predators of European earwig Larvae
Amphibians like frogs and toads, arachnids like spiders, insectivorous birds, small mammals like shrews and moles
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Predators of Adult European earwig
Birds such as chickens and tui, mammals like bats and shrews, spiders and other arthopods, amphibians like frogs and toads
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Interesting Facts About European earwig
European earwig can display thigmotactic behavior, meaning they seek close contact with surfaces, providing a comforting sense of touch.
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Scientific Classification of European earwig
Tips for Finding European earwig
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Youth Habitat of European earwig
Forests and Woodlands, Grasslands and Prairies, Urban and Suburban Areas, Agricultural and Cultivated Areas, Rotting and Decaying Matter
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Adult Habitat of European earwig
Forests and Woodlands, Grasslands and Prairies, Urban and Suburban Areas, Agricultural and Cultivated Areas, Rotting and Decaying Matter
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When is the Best Time to Observe European earwig
Late evening or night when european earwig is most active and visible due to its nocturnal nature.
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What is the Best Weather to Observe European earwig
Warm, humid conditions which are preferred by european earwig and help increase their activity.
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How and Where Can You Find European earwig at Different Life Stages
Adult European earwig adults can be searched for at night when they come out to feed. Look under stones, logs, or pots in gardens where they may be hiding during the day.
Nymph European earwig nymphs are typically found in similar habitats as adults, so search in moist soil, under debris, or inside rotting wood.
Egg Finding european earwig eggs requires carefully examining the soil or beneath decaying organic matter, where they are usually laid in small clusters.
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Harmful Effects of European earwig
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Garden and Landscape Pest

European earwig pose a threat to gardens by chewing on the flowers, fruits, and leaves of various plants, which can range from mild to severe. They particularly affect vegetables, fruit trees, and ornamental shrubs. In large numbers, earwigs can cause significant defoliation and damage to plant aesthetics, potentially impacting home gardening and commercial landscaping.

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Agricultural Pests

Adults and nymphs of european earwig non-selectively attack various crops, gnawing on leaves, flowers, fruits, and stems. Mild infestations may cause cosmetic damage, while severe outbreaks can lead to significant crop yield losses. This pest's activity can decrease the marketability of crops and potentially enhance the spread of plant diseases, affecting human agriculture and economy.

More Effects of European earwig

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