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Four-spotted cranefly

Four-spotted cranefly

Nephrotoma quadrifaria

A species of Tiger crane flies

Nephrotoma quadrifaria is a species of true cranefly found in most of Europe. The subspecies N. q. farsidica is found in Iran.

General Info About Four-spotted cranefly
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Attributes of Four-spotted cranefly
Colors
Black
Bronze
Gray
White
Habitat
Shady area; woodland; garden; shrubbery; tree
Adult Food Sources
None (Adults do not feed and rely on energy stored from the younger stage)
Larva Food Source
Decomposing organic matter, plant roots, seedlings, decaying leaves, algae
Biting/stinging
Not reported
Allergy-causing
Not reported
Defensive attack
Not reported
Venomous
Not reported
Non-poisonous
Not reported
Borer
Not reported
Pollinator
Not reported
Pest-Eating Predatory
Not reported
Phytophagous
Not reported
Predatory
Not reported
Biting animal or pet
Not reported
Mouthparts Type
Vestigial
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Species Status of Four-spotted cranefly
Common and widespread
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Distribution Area of Four-spotted cranefly
Europe
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Life Cycle of Four-spotted cranefly
Egg Small and typically oval, the eggs of four-spotted cranefly are often laid in moist soil or water bodies. At this phase, they are stationary and development depends on temperature and moisture levels.
Larva As larvae, four-spotted cranefly go through several instars, growing larger with each molt. They lack wings and have a worm-like appearance, primarily focused on feeding to accumulate energy.
Pupal In the pupal stage, four-spotted cranefly are encased in a protective cocoon where they undergo significant transformation, restructuring their bodies into the adult form, though they remain immobile.
Adult Emerging from the pupa, the adult four-spotted cranefly's development is marked by the presence of wings and functional reproductive organs. The body is fully formed and hardened, and the adult is mobile, focusing on reproduction.
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Predators of Four-spotted cranefly Larvae
Birds, frogs, toads, beetles, spiders, antlion larvae, centipedes
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Predators of Adult Four-spotted cranefly
Birds, spiders, dragonflies, robbing flies, frogs, lizards
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Interesting Facts About Four-spotted cranefly
Unlike their notorious lookalikes, four-spotted cranefly larvae enhance soil health by breaking down decomposing plant material, playing a crucial role in ecosystem nutrient recycling.
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Scientific Classification of Four-spotted cranefly
Tips for Finding Four-spotted cranefly
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Youth Habitat of Four-spotted cranefly
Forests and Woodlands, Grasslands and Prairies, Freshwater Habitats
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Adult Habitat of Four-spotted cranefly
Forests and Woodlands, Grasslands and Prairies, Freshwater Habitats, Agricultural and Cultivated Areas, Urban and Suburban Areas
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How Can You Attract Four-spotted cranefly
Due to four-spotted cranefly's larval feeding habits, decomposing organic matter such as compost or decaying plant material can be used as trap food to attract them.
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Habitat Preferences of Four-spotted cranefly Through Different Life Stages
Eggs of four-spotted cranefly are laid in moist soil, often in grassy areas or near bodies of water. The larvae, known as leatherjackets, reside underground, feeding on plant roots and decaying organic matter. After fully maturing, these grubs pupate in the soil. The adults are typically found in meadows, fields, and other areas with abundant vegetation, where they are seen flying or resting on leaves. When searching for each stage, one would inspect soil and vegetation in such habitats, taking care to dig gently for larvae and observe plants for adult four-spotted cranefly.
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When is the Best Time to Observe Four-spotted cranefly
The best time to find four-spotted cranefly is during their active periods in warmer months, typically from late spring to early autumn, and during the day when they are most active.
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What is the Best Weather to Observe Four-spotted cranefly
Mild and humid conditions are more suitable for finding four-spotted cranefly, as they tend to avoid extreme temperatures and arid environments.
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How and Where Can You Find Four-spotted cranefly at Different Life Stages
Larva Four-spotted cranefly larvae can be found in moist soil rich in organic matter. To safely locate them, carefully sift through leaf litter or soil in damp areas, such as near water bodies or in garden compost heaps.
Pupal Four-spotted cranefly pupae are often buried in soil or concealed in dense vegetation. Look for them by gently excavating the top layer of soil or searching among decaying leaves in a shaded, moist environment.
Adult Four-spotted cranefly adults fly and are attracted to lights at night. To observe or catch them, use light traps or simply visit areas with outdoor lighting after dusk. During the day, they can be found resting on vegetation, where gentle sweeping of a net through tall grasses may yield results.
Are Four-spotted cranefly harmful?
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