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Large tortoiseshell

Large tortoiseshell

Nymphalis polychloros

A species of Tortoiseshells, Also known as Large tortoiseshell butterfly

Nymphalis polychloros has a wingspan of 7 - 7 cm in males, of 7 - 8 cm in females. These medium to large butterflies have orange to red wings with black and yellow spots and a dark brown edge. The dark border of the hind wings is decorated with dark blue lunulae. The underside of the wings is greyish brown.

General Info About Large tortoiseshell
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Attributes of Large tortoiseshell
Colors
Brown
Black
Orange
Habitat
woodland
Adult Food Sources
Aster flowers, buddleia flowers, ivy flowers, thistle flowers, dandelion flowers
Larva Food Source
Ulmus (elm) leaves, salix (willow) leaves, populus (poplar) leaves, prunus (cherry) leaves, malus (apple) leaves
Biting/stinging
Not reported
Allergy-causing
Not reported
Defensive attack
Not reported
Venomous
Not reported
Non-poisonous
The Large tortoiseshell is non-toxic and generally doesn't pose a risk to human health. No need for excessive worry.
Borer
Not reported
Pollinator
The Large tortoiseshell is often found near the corolla, where its fluffy hairs easily pick up pollen, assisting in the pollination of the plant.
Pest-Eating Predatory
Not reported
Phytophagous
The Large tortoiseshell feeds on plants, usually without causing significant harm. However, it's important to take the situation seriously if their numbers begin to increase significantly.
Predatory
Not reported
Biting animal or pet
Not reported
Mouthparts Type
Siphoning mouthparts
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Species Status of Large tortoiseshell
It is a very rare butterfly of the Palaearctic ecozone (Europe). The distribution include whole Europe and the North of Africa.
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Distribution Area of Large tortoiseshell
North Africa, southern and central Europe, Turkey, southern Russia, the central and southern Urals, Kazakhstan, the Himalayas
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Life Cycle of Large tortoiseshell
Egg The eggs of large tortoiseshell are laid in clusters and are distinguishable by their small, rounded shape and creamy to white color. At this stage, they're immobile and show no outward signs of the insect within.
Larva Upon hatching, the larva of large tortoiseshell is a caterpillar with a voracious appetite. The coloration may vary, but they often have distinct banding or markings and will molt multiple times, growing significantly with each phase.
Pupal Transition to the pupa stage sees large tortoiseshell encased in a chrysalis, often camouflaged. The insect is now dormant, undergoing dramatic internal transformation, reorganizing into the adult body plan.
Adult Emerging from the pupa, the adult large tortoiseshell boasts patterned wings with vibrant colors for attracting mates. The body is fully formed and hardened, and they are now mobile, focusing on reproduction.
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Adult Size of Large tortoiseshell
7 - 7 cm
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Predators of Large tortoiseshell Larvae
Birds, rodents, spiders, wasps, ants
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Predators of Adult Large tortoiseshell
Birds, bats, spiders, rodents, praying mantises
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Interesting Facts About Large tortoiseshell
The large tortoiseshell has the unique ability to hibernate as an adult, allowing it to survive harsh winter conditions.
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Scientific Classification of Large tortoiseshell
Tips for Finding Large tortoiseshell
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Youth Habitat of Large tortoiseshell
Forests and Woodlands
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Adult Habitat of Large tortoiseshell
Forests and Woodlands, Urban and Suburban Areas, Agricultural and Cultivated Areas
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How Can You Attract Large tortoiseshell
Rotten fruits or nectar plants can be used as trap food to attract the adult stage of large tortoiseshell, as they feed on these sources in their natural habitat.
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Habitat Preferences of Large tortoiseshell Through Different Life Stages
The eggs of large tortoiseshell are often found on various host plants, including elm, willow, and poplar trees. Upon hatching, the caterpillars generally remain on these plants, feeding on the leaves. As large tortoiseshell progresses to the chrysalis stage, they tend to seek more sheltered locations, such as underneath leaves or in crevices on the host plant or nearby structures. Adult large tortoiseshell primarily inhabit woodland edges, flowery meadows, and gardens where they have access to nectar sources for feeding, as well as trees and shrubs for resting and mating.
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When is the Best Time to Observe Large tortoiseshell
The best time to find large tortoiseshell would be during daylight hours, especially when the sun is out, as they are diurnal and most active when it is warm and sunny.
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What is the Best Weather to Observe Large tortoiseshell
Warm, sunny, and calm weather conditions are most favorable when searching for large tortoiseshell, as they prefer to fly and feed in this type of weather. Excessive wind, rain, or cold can reduce their activity and make them harder to spot.
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How and Where Can You Find Large tortoiseshell at Different Life Stages
Egg Eggs of large tortoiseshell are laid on host plants and are tiny. To find them, inspect the leaves of known host plants, particularly on the undersides where they may be hidden from predators.
Larva Large tortoiseshell larvae, or caterpillars, are found on or near their host plants. Look for them by carefully examining the host plants for signs of feeding, such as chewed leaves, frass (caterpillar droppings), or the caterpillars themselves.
Pupal Large tortoiseshell pupae, or chrysalises, can be found attached to host plants or nearby structures. Search for them by checking the stems and undersides of leaves of host plants and surrounding objects where they might be camouflaged.
Adult Adult large tortoiseshells are attracted to flowers and are frequently observed feeding on nectar. Find them by visiting gardens, meadows, or natural habitats where nectar-rich flowers are abundant. Observing during warm, sunny weather will increase the likelihood of sightings.
Are Large tortoiseshell harmful?
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Usually, the large tortoiseshell won't threaten or hurt humans. But remember that even a worm will turn. Remember to still be cautious.

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Are Large tortoiseshell harmful to humans?

Some larvae of tortoiseshell butterflies feed on milkweed, which is a poisonous plant containing cardiac glycosides, so the larvae are poisonous. Although poisonous, these butterflies will not directly affect humans if not swallowed. Touching the larvae of certain tortoiseshell butterflies may cause a rash.
Harmful Effects of Large tortoiseshell
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Hurt Plant

Larvae of large tortoiseshell can cause a range of damage from mild to severe, feeding on the leaves of various plants. This defoliation can stunt growth, reduce photosynthesis, and potentially lead to plant death if the infestation is heavy.

More Effects of Large tortoiseshell

Beneficial Effects of Large tortoiseshell
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Pollinator
Pollinator
Attract Plant Feature
Color, Shape
Pollination Behavior Reason
Eat Pollen Or Nectar
Large tortoiseshell engages in pollination primarily when searching for pollen to consume. Attracted by the vibrant colors and intricate shapes of flowers, it lands delicately to partake. Its unwitting role in pollination is a serendipitous consequence of its feeding habits, making it a beneficial visitor to many types of blooms.
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