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Scarce tortoiseshell

Scarce tortoiseshell

Nymphalis xanthomelas

A species of Tortoiseshells, Also known as Large tortoiseshell

Adorned with a striking palette of orange, black, and creamy hues, scarce tortoiseshell's vibrant wings serve as a visual spectacle when spread in the sunlight. These colors are more than a simple display of beauty; they also function as a defense mechanism against potential predators, simulating larger creatures through eye-like patterns. Preferring temperate woodland habitats, scarce tortoiseshell undergoes a fascinating transformation from a leaf-munching larva to an adult that sips on flower nectar, embracing a drastic dietary shift through its life stages.

General Info About Scarce tortoiseshell
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Attributes of Scarce tortoiseshell
Colors
Black
White
Orange
Habitat
forest
Adult Food Sources
Nectar from flowering plants, tree sap, overripe fruit, bird droppings, wet soil
Larva Food Source
Leaves of salix caprea, urtica dioica, ulmus glabra, populus tremula, salix pentandra
Biting/stinging
Not reported
Allergy-causing
Not reported
Defensive attack
Not reported
Venomous
Not reported
Non-poisonous
The Scarce tortoiseshell is non-toxic and generally doesn't pose a risk to human health. No need for excessive worry.
Borer
Not reported
Pollinator
The Scarce tortoiseshell is often found near the corolla, where its fluffy hairs easily pick up pollen, assisting in the pollination of the plant.
Pest-Eating Predatory
Not reported
Phytophagous
The Scarce tortoiseshell feeds on plants, usually without causing significant harm. However, it's important to take the situation seriously if their numbers begin to increase significantly.
Predatory
Not reported
Biting animal or pet
Not reported
Mouthparts Type
Siphoning mouthparts
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Species Status of Scarce tortoiseshell
It is found in eastern Europe and Asia.
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Distribution Area of Scarce tortoiseshell
Eastern Europe, Asia
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Life Cycle of Scarce tortoiseshell
Egg The egg phase is where scarce tortoiseshell begins life, usually attached to a leaf. The eggs are small, colored to blend with their environment, and spherical or ovate. Primarily serving as a protective casing, this stage lasts until the larva is developed enough to emerge.
Larva As larvae, scarce tortoiseshell are distinctively worm-like, with a primary focus on feeding and growth. They have chewing mouthparts and are typically voracious eaters of host plants. Progressing through several molts, their size increases significantly with each stage.
Pupal During the pupal stage, scarce tortoiseshell undergoes transformation within a chrysalis. This phase is characterized by a dormant appearance, yet intense internal changes commence, leading to the development of adult features. The chrysalis may exhibit camouflage or deterrent structures.
Adult Emerging from the pupa, the adult scarce tortoiseshell’s development is marked by the presence of wings and functional reproductive organs. The body is fully formed and hardened, and the adult is mobile, focusing on reproduction. Color patterns on the wings aid in species identification and mating.
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Adult Size of Scarce tortoiseshell
7 - 7 cm
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Predators of Scarce tortoiseshell Larvae
Birds, rodents, insectivorous mammals, parasitic wasps, parasitic flies, spiders, ants
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Predators of Adult Scarce tortoiseshell
Birds, rodents, larger insects, spiders, mammals including bats
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Interesting Facts About Scarce tortoiseshell
At rest, scarce tortoiseshell cleverly conceals itself from predators by closing its wings to resemble dead leaves, a remarkable example of natural camouflage.
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Scientific Classification of Scarce tortoiseshell
Tips for Finding Scarce tortoiseshell
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Youth Habitat of Scarce tortoiseshell
Forests and Woodlands
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Adult Habitat of Scarce tortoiseshell
Forests and Woodlands, Grasslands and Prairies, Urban and Suburban Areas, Agricultural and Cultivated Areas
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How Can You Attract Scarce tortoiseshell
For adult scarce tortoiseshell, sweet substances such as overripe fruit, fermenting bait, or sugar-water mixtures might be used as traps or lures.
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Habitat Preferences of Scarce tortoiseshell Through Different Life Stages
To observe the different stages of scarce tortoiseshell, search in temperate woodlands for the eggs laid singularly on the host trees, like elms or willows. After hatching, caterpillars can be found on the underside of leaves, often on the same trees. Pupae often attach to twigs or bark, camouflaging in the foliage. Adult scarce tortoiseshell, with a preference for woody habitats, is typically founds near forest edges. For best results, look for caterpillars and pupae in sheltered spots avoiding predation, while adults may be sought near flowers or sap flows throughout the forest.
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When is the Best Time to Observe Scarce tortoiseshell
The best time to find adult scarce tortoiseshell is usually mid-morning to early afternoon when the sun is out, and they are most active.
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What is the Best Weather to Observe Scarce tortoiseshell
Warm, sunny, and calm weather conditions are ideal for spotting adult scarce tortoiseshell as they are less active in cooler, windy, or rainy conditions.
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How and Where Can You Find Scarce tortoiseshell at Different Life Stages
Egg Scarce tortoiseshell eggs are typically laid in clusters on the host plant. Look for them on the underside of leaves of the host plant, often near the edges.
Larva Scarce tortoiseshell caterpillars can be spotted on or near the host plants they feed on. Search for them by inspecting the leaves for signs of feeding, such as holes or frass (caterpillar droppings).
Pupal Scarce tortoiseshell chrysalides might be found attached to plant stems or leaves, or hidden in leaf litter on the ground. They tend to blend in with their surroundings, so careful observation is necessary.
Adult Scarce tortoiseshell adults are often found in meadows, edges of woods, and near streams. Look for them when they are basking on sunny spots on the ground, on leaves, or on flowers when they are feeding.
Are Scarce tortoiseshell harmful?
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Usually, the scarce tortoiseshell won't threaten or hurt humans. But remember that even a worm will turn. Remember to still be cautious.

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Are Scarce tortoiseshell harmful to humans?

Some larvae of tortoiseshell butterflies feed on milkweed, which is a poisonous plant containing cardiac glycosides, so the larvae are poisonous. Although poisonous, these butterflies will not directly affect humans if not swallowed. Touching the larvae of certain tortoiseshell butterflies may cause a rash.
Beneficial Effects of Scarce tortoiseshell
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Explore how insects help as pollinators, pest predators, and biocontrol agents. From seed dispersal to decomposition, they play vital roles in our ecosystem.
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Pollinator
Pollinator
Attract Plant Feature
Color, Smell
Pollination Behavior Reason
Eat Pollen Or Nectar
Scarce tortoiseshell indulges in the nectar of flowers, inadvertently serving as a pollinator. During its quest for sustenance, pollen grains attach to its body and are carried from bloom to bloom, fostering plant reproduction. This incidental contact ensures the continuation of various plant species.
Common Questions People Also Ask
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