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African swallowtail

African swallowtail

Papilio dardanus

A species of Swallowtails, Also known as Flying handkerchief

Papilio dardanus, the African swallowtail, mocker swallowtail or flying handkerchief, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae (the swallowtails). The species is broadly distributed throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. The British entomologist E. B. Poulton described it as "the most interesting butterfly in the world".

General Info About African swallowtail
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Attributes of African swallowtail
Adult Food Sources
Flower nectar from aloe species, flower nectar from trachelospermum jasminoides, flower nectar from hypoestes aristata, flower nectar from pentas lanceolata, flower nectar from lantana camara
Larva Food Source
Citrus leaves, teclea simplicifolia leaves, vepris species leaves, calodendrum capensis leaves, clausena species leaves
Biting/stinging
Not reported
Borer
Not reported
Pollinator
Not reported
Pest-Eating Predatory
Not reported
Phytophagous
Not reported
Predatory
Not reported
Biting animal or pet
Not reported
Mouthparts Type
Siphoning mouthparts
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Life Cycle of African swallowtail
Egg African swallowtail's life begins as an egg, usually laid on a plant leaf. These eggs are small, oval, and may vary in color depending on the species. At this stage, there's no movement, and the primary function of the egg is to protect the developing embryo inside.
Larva Upon hatching, the larva or caterpillar emerges with a voracious appetite, focusing on growth and molting multiple times. African swallowtail at this stage has a segmented body with distinct color patterns that serve as camouflage or warning signals, depending on the species.
Pupal After reaching sufficient size, african swallowtail forms a chrysalis during the pupal stage. Encased, the insect undergoes a remarkable transformation where body structure and functions are completely reorganized. The coloration of the chrysalis can mimic the surroundings, aiding in protection.
Adult Emerging from the pupa, the adult african swallowtail’s development is marked by the presence of wings and functional reproductive organs. The body is fully formed and hardened, and the adult is mobile, focusing on reproduction. Unlike prior stages, feeding is not a primary function.
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Predators of African swallowtail Larvae
Birds, rodents, wasps, ants, spiders
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Predators of Adult African swallowtail
Birds, spiders, praying mantises, lizards
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Scientific Classification of African swallowtail
Tips for Finding African swallowtail
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How Can You Attract African swallowtail
Adult african swallowtails are attracted to various flowers and fruits. A bait trap using fermented fruit or sweet substances could be used to lure them for observation or capture.
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Habitat Preferences of African swallowtail Through Different Life Stages
The eggs of african swallowtail are typically laid on host plants, specifically those in the citrus family, where they hatch into caterpillars. During the larval stage, these caterpillars can be found feeding on the leaves of their host plants. To search for caterpillars, one would examine the undersides of leaves on these plants. Pupation occurs in more concealed locations, such as on tree trunks or in foliage, so the search for chrysalises involves careful inspection of these areas, looking for the camouflaged pupae. Adult african swallowtail are usually viewed in open areas where they feed on nectar from flowers; therefore, flowering gardens or fields are ideal to find them.
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When is the Best Time to Observe African swallowtail
The best time to observe adult african swallowtails is on sunny days when temperatures allow for their activity, usually mid-morning to early afternoon. For larval stages, time of day is less critical.
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What is the Best Weather to Observe African swallowtail
Warm, dry, and sunny weather is optimal for locating adult african swallowtails. Overcast but calm conditions can also be suitable. Avoid searching during rainy or cold weather as african swallowtails will be less active or hidden.
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How and Where Can You Find African swallowtail at Different Life Stages
Egg Eggs of african swallowtail are typically laid on the underside of host plant leaves. To find them, inspect plants known to be favored by african swallowtail for small, round eggs.
Larva African swallowtail larvae can be found on or near their host plants. Look for signs of feeding such as chewed leaves and frass (larval droppings) to locate them.
Pupal Pupae of african swallowtail are often attached to plant stems or leaves, sometimes in sheltered areas. Closely inspect the host plants and nearby structures to find them camouflaged as part of the plant or surrounding.
Adult African swallowtail adults are most often found in flower-rich habitats where they feed on nectar. Search meadows, gardens, and edges of forests where their preferred food sources grow.
Are African swallowtail harmful?
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Are African swallowtail harmful to humans?

They are not a poisonous butterfly, but they have a special gland that secretes bad smells and chemicals.
Common Questions People Also Ask
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