Common paper wasp

Common paper wasp's venom contains neurotoxins that can cause mild to moderate pain and inflammatory reactions in humans. Although primarily a defense mechanism, its sting administers the toxins, leading to immediate pain, redness, and swelling. In rare severe cases, muscle spasms or headaches may occur, but chronic or long-term effects are generally not associated with common paper wasp's sting unless complicated by secondary infections.

Common paper wasp is capable of inflicting harm to a variety of animals through its sting. Although reactions can range from mild to severe, humans, dogs, and cats may experience significant discomfort and allergic reactions. Smaller creatures like birds and bees could have acute responses, potentially leading to fatality if the exposure to the toxin is extensive. The adult common paper wasp delivers the venom, which plays a dual role in defense and predation.

Common paper wasp typically sting in defense when they feel threatened or their nest is disturbed by humans. This reaction is aimed at protection rather than aggression. Stings from common paper wasp can cause pain, swelling, and allergic reactions in humans. Only female common paper wasp possess the ability to sting, as males lack the stinger, which is a modified ovipositor. There is no significant physical cost to common paper wasp after stinging, as their stinger is not barbed and does not detach from their body.