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African cotton leafworm

Spodoptera littoralis

A species of Armyworms, Also known as Egyptian cotton leafworm

The adult moth has a body size that ranges from 1.5 - 2 cm and wingspan that ranges from 3 - 4 cm. The species' forewings are grey-brown colored and has an ocellus that are constructed by white oblique lines. The hind wings are usually much paler and have grey-colored margins.

General Info About African cotton leafworm
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Attributes of African cotton leafworm
Habitat
African cotton leafworm is native to Africa and also resides in most regions of Middle Eastern countries such as Israel, Syria and Turkey. Specifically, the species' native habitat is F5 (EUNIS code), which is semi-arid and subtropical habitats in pre-saharan Africa. This species has also been found in Southern and Mediterranean Europe, mainly in Spain, France, Italy and Greece. As the African cotton leafworm is prone to cold weather, the species' natural range is limited in the northern regions of Europe such as the United Kingdom. The optimal temperature for the species' reproductive potential is around 25 °C, so areas with lower winter temperatures or fluctuating temperatures show limited species distribution. Studies have shown that temperatures over 40 °C or below 13 °C showed increased in mortality. Combination of high temperature and low humidity are detrimental to the species survival as temperature over 40 °C or below 13 °C tend to increase mortality rate. As a result, S. littoralis resides in regions where temperature fluctuation is rare to feed on variety of host plants, in which the females lay eggs and the larvae primarily grow.
Species distribution mainly occurs through trade when egg or larvae get on the imported ornamentals or crops. Adult moths are often distributed by wind but are also transported by other species. Adult moths fly as well.
Adult Food Sources
Flower nectar, honeydew, aqueous sugar solution, juices from decaying fruits, tree sap
Larva Food Source
Leaves of cotton, beans, rice, corn, tobacco
Biting/stinging
Not reported
Allergy-causing
Not reported
Defensive attack
Not reported
Venomous
Not reported
Non-poisonous
The African cotton leafworm is non-toxic and generally doesn't pose a risk to human health. No need for excessive worry.
Borer
Not reported
Pollinator
Not reported
Mouthparts Type
Siphoning mouthparts
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Predators of African cotton leafworm Larvae
Birds, rodents, parasitic wasps, predatory beetles
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Predators of Adult African cotton leafworm
Bats, spiders, birds, ants
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Interesting Facts About African cotton leafworm
African cotton leafworm's larvae exhibit a unique defensive mechanism, producing sounds to deter predators when threatened.
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Scientific Classification of African cotton leafworm
Tips for Finding African cotton leafworm
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How Can You Attract African cotton leafworm
Adult african cotton leafworm may be lured using light traps or pheromone traps as they are nocturnal and attracted to these stimuli for mating purposes.
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Habitat Preferences of African cotton leafworm Through Different Life Stages
During the larval stage, african cotton leafworm is found on the underside of leaves, where they feed voraciously. Searching for these caterpillars, one should inspect host plants closely, particularly checking for chewed leaves or frass. Pupae usually reside underground or in the litter near the food plant, which requires careful excavation around the host plants to locate. Adult african cotton leafworm are nocturnal and attracted to light, so to find them, setting up light traps at night in agricultural areas or gardens where host plants are abundant would be effective.
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When is the Best Time to Observe African cotton leafworm
The best time to find african cotton leafworm is during the night, as adult african cotton leafworm are nocturnal and more active, while during the day one might focus on finding eggs or larvae on host plants.
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What is the Best Weather to Observe African cotton leafworm
Mild to warm weather conditions are optimal for finding african cotton leafworm as extreme temperatures can affect their activity levels and overall visibility in their natural habitats.
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How and Where Can You Find African cotton leafworm at Different Life Stages
Egg Eggs of african cotton leafworm are typically found on the underside of leaves of the host plants. To locate them, carefully inspect the lower foliage of suspected host plants, using a magnifying glass if necessary.
Larva Larvae of african cotton leafworm feed on a wide range of plants and can be found by inspecting the leaves and stems for signs of feeding damage, frass, or the larvae themselves.
Pupal Pupae of african cotton leafworm can be found in the soil or in a cocoon among the plant debris on or near the host plants. Searching through the top layer of soil or leaf litter may reveal them.
Adult African cotton leafworm adults are attracted to lights at night. Using a light trap or simply inspecting the areas around outdoor lights can be an effective way to find them.
Are African cotton leafworm harmful?
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Harmful Effects of African cotton leafworm
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Agricultural Pests

Larvae of african cotton leafworm are voracious feeders, targeting a wide array of crops with no specific preference. Infestation leads to chewed leaves, stems, and fruits, affecting plant vigour and yield. Minor damages result in cosmetic imperfections, while severe attacks can lead to significant yield loss, with implications for food security and economic impact on farming communities.

More Effects of African cotton leafworm

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