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Khapra beetle

Trogoderma granarium

A species of Trogoderma

Adult beetles are brownish and reddish 1.6–3 mm long. Immature larvae are up to 5 millimeters long and are covered in dense, reddish-brown hair. The larval stage can last four to six weeks, but can be extended up to seven years. Males are dark brown or black, and females are slightly larger with lighter colors. The lifespan of adult Khapra beetle is usually between five and ten days. The beetle prefers hot, dry conditions and can be found in areas where grain and other potential food is stored, such as pantries, malt houses, grain and fodder processing plants, and stores of used grain sacks or crates. The species is native to India, with a native range extending from Burma to Western Africa. The Khapra beetle is a synanthrope, predominantly living in close association with humans. Information regarding the beetle's behavior in non-human environments is limited. The eggs of the khapra beetle are cylindrical with one end more rounded and the other more pointed, about 0.7 mm long and 0.25 mm broad, weighing about 0.02 mg. The pointy end has a number of spine-like projections. The eggs are initially a milky white but over several hours turn a pale yellowish color. The Khapra beetle's physiology is significantly impacted by its diet. Borzoi et al. found that rye provides the most optimal environment for breeding and development of individuals. Conversely, walnut and rice diets reduced female fertility and adult weight of the individuals, while increasing the duration of the larval stage.

General Info About Khapra beetle
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Attributes of Khapra beetle
Adult Food Sources
Grains, spices, dried plant products, cereal products, nuts
Larva Food Source
Grains, cereals, dried plant products, animal products, processed foods
Non-poisonous
Not reported
Borer
Not reported
Pollinator
Not reported
Pest-Eating Predatory
Not reported
Phytophagous
Not reported
Predatory
Not reported
Biting animal or pet
Not reported
Mouthparts Type
Chewing mouthparts
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Predators of Khapra beetle Larvae
Birds, rodents, spiders, predaceous insects
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Predators of Adult Khapra beetle
Birds, rodents, reptiles, spiders, predaceous insects
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Interesting Facts About Khapra beetle
Khapra beetle can survive without food or water for more than a month, displaying a remarkable resilience in adverse conditions.
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Scientific Classification of Khapra beetle
Tips for Finding Khapra beetle
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Youth Habitat of Khapra beetle
Agricultural and Cultivated Areas, Rotting and Decaying Matter, Urban and Suburban Areas
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Habitat Preferences of Khapra beetle Through Different Life Stages
The eggs of khapra beetle are typically found in crevices or on food material in dark, undisturbed locations like warehouses or grain storage facilities. Larvae prefer to hide in similar environments, burrowing into food sources or nestling in protected spots where they can feed undisturbed. Pupation usually occurs in the larval feeding material or in a sheltered place nearby. Adult khapra beetle can be found near the infested materials but are also capable of flying, so they may disperse to new locations. To search for these stages, one should examine stored grains, check for larvae in cracks, and use traps to monitor adult presence.
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When is the Best Time to Observe Khapra beetle
The most suitable time to find khapra beetle is when the temperature is between 18°C to 36°C, as this is when they are most active.
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What is the Best Weather to Observe Khapra beetle
Dry and warm conditions are more suitable for finding khapra beetle, as they prefer environments with low humidity.
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How and Where Can You Find Khapra beetle at Different Life Stages
Larva Khapra beetle larvae are usually found in darker areas of stored products and can be located by examining the product for insect damage and the presence of small cylindrical fecal pellets.
Pupal Khapra beetle pupae are typically immobile and can be found inside a cocoon made from debris and food materials. They are often in the same environment as larvae, like in grain storage or museum collections.
Adult Adult khapra beetle can fly and are attracted to light, making light traps effective. They can also be found near or within stored products and areas with previous infestations.
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Harmful Effects of Khapra beetle
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Stored Produce Pest

Khapra beetle larvae are notorious for their destructive habits in stored grain facilities. The infestation can result in significant economic losses due to contamination and grain quality degradation, making the produce unsuitable for marketing and consumption. Their appetite for various dry storage items like grains and seeds leads to severe damage and potential threats to food security.

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Hurt Plant

The larval and adult stages of khapra beetle non-selectively target plant seeds and fruits, severely chewing plant tissues and spreading diseases. Infestation leads to visible damage and potential crop loss.

More Effects of Khapra beetle

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