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Anopheles sinensis

Anopheles sinensis

A species of Marsh mosquitoes

An. sinensis is classified as a species complex, and is a member of An. hyrcanus group. The group is distinguished from other groups by the presence of pale bands (usually four) on the palpi and by the presence of a tuft of dark scales on the clypeus on each side in the female adult. It was first described by German naturalist Christian Rudolph Wilhelm Wiedemann in 1828, and became one of the earliest known species of Anopheles. Due to its similarity with other mosquitos and geographical diversity, the species was redescribed several times by different taxonomists, with names like An. yesoensis (1913), An. sineroides (1924), An. lesetri (1936), An. pullus (1937), and An. yatsushiroensis (1951). These species are considered as either synonyms or members of the species complex. Female An. sinensis has a dark-coloured body, with its palps are shorter than proboscis. The integument of the neck region is yellow. The legs are dark-brown on outer surface, but pale on the inside. The base of the leg is swollen towards the body. The wings are covered with dark and pale scales. The tip of the wing has a prominent spot. Larva has an elongated head. Its antennae are about the length of the head, and containing pointed spicules towards the inner side.

Bite Humans
Bite Humans
Cause Disease in Animals
Pathogenic
General Info About Anopheles sinensis
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Attributes of Anopheles sinensis
Colors
Black
Bronze
Habitat
An. sinensis is found in northeast India, Burma, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Kampuchea, Vietnam, China, Taiwan, Japan and Korea. In India it is reported from Meghalaya, Assam, and Mizoram. They are found in all types of environment including naturally-made clean water, stagnant or flowing. Their major habitats are rice fields, ditches, streams, irrigation cannals, marshes, ponds, and ground pools. They mostly bite large animals, and human biting is relatively less when animals are present nearby. Their feeding takes place throughout the night from dusk to dawn, but heaviest biting occurs between 2 and 4 in the morning. Even though they are attracted by lights, they prefer to bite outdoor. They hibernate mostly under part of dense grasses during October–March. At the end of the hibernation period in March–April they feed during daytime. In August 1962 it was found that An. sinensis was a vector of vivax malaria in Korea. It has become one of the major vectors of vivax in China.
Adult Food Sources
Blood (female only), nectar, honeydew, plant sap, fruit juice
Larva Food Source
Microalgae, organic debris, bacteria, protozoa, detritus
Biting/stinging
The Anopheles sinensis may bite humans actively. Please stay away from it.
Allergy-causing
Not reported
Defensive attack
Not reported
Venomous
Not reported
Non-poisonous
Not reported
Borer
Not reported
Pollinator
Not reported
Mouthparts Type
Piercing-sucking mouthparts
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Species Status of Anopheles sinensis
Widespread
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Distribution Area of Anopheles sinensis
Southeast Asia
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Life Cycle of Anopheles sinensis
Egg Deposited in water, the eggs of anopheles sinensis hatch into larvae. They are elongated and lack distinct sections, primarily focusing on feeding and breathing through their siphons or tubes.
Larva The anopheles sinensis larvae undergo a series of molts. Each instar is larger, exhibiting different patterns and colorations. Larvae consume organic matter voraciously, gradually changing in physiology.
Pupal Within the pupal case, anopheles sinensis undergoes a massive reorganization. Neither feeding nor growing, the focus is on internal development. The pupal stage is a mobile, yet non-feeding, transformation period.
Adult Emerging from the pupa, the adult anopheles sinensis’s development is marked by the presence of wings and functional reproductive organs. The body is fully formed and hardened, and the adult is mobile, focusing on reproduction.
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Interesting Facts About Anopheles sinensis
Anopheles sinensis can fly up to 12 kilometers in a single night, which is significantly farther than previously thought for a mosquito.
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Scientific Classification of Anopheles sinensis
Tips for Finding Anopheles sinensis
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Adult Habitat of Anopheles sinensis
Forests and Woodlands, Grasslands and Prairies, Urban and Suburban Areas, Agricultural and Cultivated Areas, Mangroves and Coastal Wetlands
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Habitat Preferences of Anopheles sinensis Through Different Life Stages
Eggs of anopheles sinensis are typically found on the surface of stagnant water such as ponds or marshes. Larvae, preferring clean, unpolluted water, are often located just below the surface in areas protected from strong currents and where algae are present. For pupae, search in similar locations as larvae since they stay in the water, transforming near the surface. Adult anopheles sinensis tend to rest in dark, humid places during the day such as animal burrows, caves or inside houses, and are active at dusk and dawn when foraging for a blood meal.
Are Anopheles sinensis harmful?
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Are Anopheles sinensis harmful to humans?

Routine reaction. The bitten skin is red swelling and itching. This symptom may automatically disappear within a few hours or days depending on the mosquito species and the victim's body type. It is advised to apply antiphlogistic and antipruritic products such as peppermint cream.
Serious allergic reaction. Mosquito bites are very unlikely to cause large areas of swelling, soreness, redness, low fever, urticaria, and Lymphadenopathy. These serious reactions are prone to occur in children and people with immune system diseases.
Secondary injury. Scratching the bite may cause wound infection.
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Some mosquitoes can spread disease and parasites.
In general, common mosquitoes do not cause much harm through bites. They only cause skin scratch and rash. However, a few species of mosquitoes are vectors for many serious diseases.
They transmit viruses from one host to the next through bloodsucking. A variety of arbovirus diseases such as dengue fever, yellow fever, and malaria can spread rapidly in this way.
Additionally, their impact is huge. Every year about 700 million people are infected with mosquito bites, and about 700,000 of them will die as a result. So rated by the Mosquito Control Association, the mosquito is one of the most dangerous insects in the world.
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Neither every type of mosquitoes nor vector mosquitoes can definitely transmit the virus. Only certain types of mosquitoes that already have a specific type of viruses in the body can transmit the virus.
If the virus is ingested by non-vector mosquitoes, it will be destroyed by the digestive system and become too inactivated to spread.
Only when female vector mosquitoes suck the blood of an already infected person, the pathogen can enter the mosquitoes and multiply inside them. Then the viruses can be spread to the next susceptible host through the mosquitoes.
Female mosquitoes can also pass viruses to their offspring. After the offspring are mature, they can spread directly in the unaffected host
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Where do Anopheles sinensis come from?

  • The doors and windows in the home are not closed tightly or the gauze on them is damaged.
  • Enter through the network cable or pipe gap connecting the indoor and outdoor.
  • When entering the house, people bring close-in flying mosquitoes.
  • Breed in accumulated or stationary water indoors.
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What is the most effective prevention against Anopheles sinensis?

Avoid periods when mosquitoes are active. Dusk to dawn is the most active period for mosquitoes. Outdoor activities should be avoided or reduced at this time. If it is necessary to be outdoors, please do protection works.
Choice of clothes for going out
  • Light-colored clothing
  • Long sleeves and trousers
  • Thick socks or fully covered shoes
  • Hats (with gauze) that protect ears and neck
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Use insect repellent. Insect repellent containing DEET or Icaridin or lemon eucalyptus oil (vegetable compounds) can temporarily repel mosquitoes. Among them, DEET has the longest-lasting effect.
  • Please read the instructions carefully and follow them strictly.
  • Keep away from food when using the product.
  • Avoid being mistakenly consumed by your baby.
  • Avoid mixing mosquito repellent products with other chemical products to prevent unnecessary chemical reactions occurring.
  • After using the same mosquito repellent spray for 1-2 months continuously, please switch to other brands of it for better effects.
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Other considerations
Repair broken windows and doors in houses and camping tents.
Use mosquito nets in strollers and cribs.
If necessary, you can consider installing a physical mosquito repellent lamp in the courtyard. It is beautiful and efficient but with certain risks. Families with young children need to pay special attention to the installation location.
Bring pets to the veterinary clinic for regular physical examinations to detect the presence of cardiac filariasis.
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Harmful Effects of Anopheles sinensis
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Bite Humans
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Bite Humans

Anopheles sinensis bites humans primarily for blood-feeding by the female, effectively transmitting Malaria. They locate hosts through exhaled CO2 and body heat. Biting typically occurs during nocturnal periods. The bite can cause itchy welts and transfer pathogens, with potential for severe health implications.

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Cause Disease in Animals

Anopheles sinensis is responsible for the transmission of diseases such as malaria. It primarily affects humans but can also impact other animals like dogs, horses, and birds. The adult stage of anopheles sinensis is when it becomes capable of spreading these diseases. Most commonly, the risk posed by the transmitted disease can range from moderate to severe. The way anopheles sinensis infects other animals is through its biting mechanism, which can have harmful consequences for the afflicted, potentially leading to serious health issues without proper intervention.

More Effects of Anopheles sinensis

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